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A B C D
E F G H I J K L
M N O P Q R S T U V W
X Y Z
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Acute |
(uh-KYOOT): Acute often means urgent. An acute disease
happens suddenly. It lasts a short time. Acute is the opposite
of chronic, or long lasting.
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Albuminuria |
(AL-byoo-mih-NOO-ree-uh): More than normal amounts
of a protein called albumin in the urine. Albuminuria may be a
sign of kidney disease.
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Anticholinergic Drug Therapy
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The most common type of therapy used to treat
OAB.
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Antidiuretic
hormone
(ADH) |
(AN-tee-DY-uh-RET-ik): A natural
body chemical that slows down the production of urine. Some children
who wet their beds regularly may lack normal amounts
of antidiuretic hormone.
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Anuria |
(uh-NYOO-ree-uh): A condition
in which the body stops making urine.
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Biopsy |
(BY-op-see):
A procedure in which a tiny piece of a body part, such as the kidney
or bladder, is removed for examination under a microscope.
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Bladder |
(BLAD-ur): The balloon-shaped organ inside the pelvis
that stores urine.
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Bladder
diary |
A helpful record of how often you pass urine, how
much you pass each time, and how often you leak urine.
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Bladder
training |
A behavioral technique that teaches the patient to
resist or inhibit the urge to urinate, and to urinate according
to a schedule rather than urinating at the urge.
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Calcium |
(KAL-see-um):
A mineral that the body needs for strong bones and teeth. Calcium
may form stones in the kidney.
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Catheter |
(KATH-uh-ter): A tube that is inserted through
the urethra to the bladder to drain urine.
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Chronic |
(KRAH-nik): Lasting a long time. Chronic diseases
develop slowly.
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Collagen |
(KAHL-uh-jen):
The major protein found in tissues, cartilage, and bones. Collagen
injections are used to treat stress urinary incontinence.
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Continence |
(KON-tih-nents): The ability to control the
timing of urination or a bowel movement.
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Constipation |
Refers to infrequent or hard stools, or difficulty
passing stools. More specifically, constipation may involve pain
or crying during the passage of a bowel movement, the inability
to pass a bowel movement after straining or pushing for more than
10 minutes, or no bowel movements after more than 3 days.
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Cystitis |
(sis-TY-tis): Inflammation of the bladder, causing
pain and a burning feeling in the pelvis or urethra.
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Cystocele |
(SIS-toh-seel): Fallen bladder. When the bladder
falls or sags from its normal position down to the pelvic floor,
it can cause either urinary
leakage or urinary retention.
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Cystometrogram |
(SIS-toh-MET-roh-gram):
A line graph that records urinary bladder pressure at various volumes.
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Cystoscope |
(SIS-toh-scope): An instrument used to look
inside the bladder.
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Frequency |
Frequent need to urinate during the day (more
than eight times
in 24 hours) or night (more than two times a night).
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Hematuria |
(HEE-muh-TOOR-ee-uh): Blood in the urine, which
can be a sign of a kidney stone or other urinary problem.
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Hydronephrosis |
(HY-droh-nef-ROH-sis): Swelling at the top of
the ureter, usually because something is blocking the urine from
flowing into or out of the bladder.
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Hyperoxaluria |
(HY-per-ox-uh-LOO-ree-uh):
Unusually large amounts of oxalate in the urine, leading to kidney
stones.
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Incontinence |
(in-KON-tih-nents): Loss of bladder or bowel
control; the accidental loss of urine or feces.
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Interstitial cystitis
(IC): |
(IN-ter-STISH-ul) (sis-TY-tis): A disorder
that causes the bladder wall to become swollen and irritated, leading
to scarring and stiffening of the bladder, decreased bladder
capacity, and, in rare cases, ulcers in the bladder lining. IC
is also known as painful bladder syndrome.
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Intravenous pyelogram |
Intravenous (IN-truh-VEE-nus) pyelogram (PY-loh-gram):
An x-ray of the urinary tract. A dye is injected to make urine
visible on the x-ray and show any blockage in the urinary tract.
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Kegel
exercises |
(KEE-gul): Tightening and relaxing the muscles
that hold
urine in the bladder and hold the bladder in
its proper position, to improve a woman's ability to hold in her
urine.
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Kidneys |
(KID-neez): The two bean-shaped organs that
filter wastes from the blood. The kidneys are located near the
middle of the back. They send urine to the bladder through tubes
called ureters.
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Kidney stone |
A stone that develops from crystals that form
in urine and build up on the inner surfaces of the kidney, in the
renal pelvis, or in the ureters.
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Metabolism |
Physical and chemical processes within the body
related to body functions. Processes of energy generation and use;
including nutrition, digestion, absorption, elimination, respiration,
circulation, and temperature regulation.
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Neurogenic
bladder |
(NEW-roh-JEN-ik): Loss of bladder control caused
by damage to the nerves controlling the bladder.
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Nuclear scan |
A test of the structure, blood flow, and function
of the kidneys. The doctor injects a mildly radioactive solution
into an arm vein and uses x-rays to monitor its progress through
the kidneys.
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Nocturia |
Waking up one or more times during the night
to urinate.
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Overactive bladder |
A sudden involuntary contraction of the muscular
wall of the bladder causing urinary urgency, an immediate unstoppable
need to urinate. It is a form of urinary incontinence (the unintentional
loss of urine).
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Oxybutynin |
(ox-i-BYOO-ti-nin): Belongs to the group
of medicines called antispasmodics. It helps decrease muscle
spasms
of the bladder and the frequent urge to urinate caused by these
spasms.
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Pessary |
(PESS-uh-ree): A specially designed object worn
in the vagina to hold the bladder in its correct position and prevent
leakage of urine. Pessaries
come in many shapes and sizes.
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Placebo |
(plah-SEE-bo) An inactive substance that
looks the same as, and is administered in the same way as, a
drug in a clinical trial. For example, in a controlled clinical
trial, one group may be given a real medication while another
group is given a placebo. The placebo looks just like the real
medication in order to learn if the differences observed are
due to the medication or to the power of suggestion.
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Side effects |
Problems that occur when treatment affects healthy
cells,
tissues, organs or the Quality of life of the person.
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Stress urinary incontinence |
(YOOR-ih-NEHR-ee) (in-KON-tih-nents): Leakage
of urine caused by actions--such as coughing, laughing, sneezing,
running, or lifting--that place pressure on the bladder from inside
the body. Stress urinary incontinence can result from either a
fallen bladder or weak sphincter muscles.
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Transdermal System |
Transdermal systems deliver drugs through the
skin into the bloodstream.
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Ultrasound |
A procedure enabling the physician to “see” the
kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.
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Ureters |
(YOOR-uh-turs): Tubes that carry urine from
the kidneys to the bladder.
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Urethra |
(yoo-REE-thrah): The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
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Urge urinary incontinence
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Urinary leakage when the bladder contracts unexpectedly
by itself.
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Urgency |
A sudden compelling desire to pass urine.
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Urinalysis |
(yoor-in-AL-ih-sis): A test of a urine sample
that can reveal many problems of the urinary system and other body
systems. The sample may be observed for physical characteristics,
chemistry, the presence of drugs or germs, or other signs of disease.
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Urinary
frequency |
(YOOR-ih-NEHR-ee): Urination eight or more
times a day.
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Urinary incontinence |
(YOOR-ih-NEHR-ee) (in-KON-tih-nents): A condition
in which a person is unable to hold urine and prevent its leakage.
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Urinary retention |
difficulty or inability to pass urine.
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Urinary tract: |
The system in the body that makes, stores, and
discharges urine, including two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder,
and the urethra.
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Urinary tract infection |
A bacterial infection of the urethra, bladder,
ureters or kidneys (part of the urinary tract).
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Urinate |
(YOOR-ih-nate): To release urine from the bladder.
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Urine |
(YOOR-in): Liquid waste product filtered from
the blood by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and expelled from
the body through the urethra by the act of voiding or
urinating.
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Urodynamic tests |
(YOOR-oh-dy-NAM-ik): Measures of the bladder’s
ability to hold and release urine.
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Urologist |
a doctor who specializes in diseases of the
urinary tract and the male reproductive system.
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Void |
To urinate, empty the bladder.
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